frequency distribution of parainfluenza, adeno and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children below 2 years old with bronchiolititis, by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method, afzalipoor hospital, kerman, 2006

Acute respiratory infections are common cause of mortality during childhood. This study was designed to determine the incidence of adenovirus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory infections by Multiplex PCR method. This study included 168 children under 2 years of age with clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Nasopharyngeal specimens were taken and transferred to the virology laboratory in VTM transport medium. Following extraction of viral DNA and RNA, Multiplex RT-PCR was performed. From 168 specimens, 33 cases [19.6%] were infected with parainfluenza viruses, 18 cases [10.7%] with adenovirus and 63 cases [37.5%] with RSV. The rest of the specimens were negative for these viruses, which indicated that these specimens had been probably infected with other viral agents not investigated in this study, or with mycoplasma. No significant correlation was found between WBC count, ESR values, degree of air trapping, coryza, fever, cough, retraction rale, wheezing and the type of viral infection. Also no significant correlation was found based on age, sex or general condition of patients. Major causes of viral infections in this study were respectively respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], parainfluenza and adenovirus

[Determination of fauna and monthly activity of sandflies in the south of baft district, Kerman Province in 2004]

In the recent years, there has been an increasing rate of kala-azar disease in the south of Baft [Kerman/Iran]. A survey on the records of admitted patients in the main hospital of Kerman city from 1993- 2003 showed that from the total of 36 cases of visceral Leishmaniasis, 12 cases [33/3%] were from south Baft. Since awareness of visceral Leishmaniasis vectors status has a key role in disease control and programming, this study was carried out in order to determine the fauna, monthly activity, host preference, and susceptibility of dominant species to 4% D.D.T insecticide. For this purpose, 1710 sandflies [17 species] were collected by sticky traps and aspiratory methods and based on the standards during their monthly activity. The results of the investigation showed that the activity of sand flies starts in April and ends in October with two Peaks in July and September. The predominant species of this area were P. papatasi [33.74%] and P. alexandri [29.82%] that were observed during all months of sandflies activity. According to the result of blood-fed index by ELISA test and using dog and human antiserums, P. papatasi [43/3%] and P. alexandri [33/3%] were positive to human blood. Diagnostic dosage test showed that P. papatasi is susceptible to D.D.T 4% with one hour exposure